EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. This treatment was founded by Francine Shapiro in 1987, and works to reprocess traumatic memory by using “bilateral stimulation.” Trauma is held in one’s body either consciously (where one can recall it in words or images) or unconsciously (held in the body and not accessible in verbal or symbolic memory). Traumatic memory of the past can deeply impact one’s life in the present. Traumatic memory is not linear and the body and mind are not always able to distinguish whether the trauma is occurring in the past or the present.

The concept of CBT is grounded in the theory that your thoughts and behaviors can affect your emotional well-being and physical health. As a result, the goal of CBT is to identify negative or disruptive thinking patterns and replace them with healthier thoughts and emotions.

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is an approach to psychotherapy that identifies and addresses multiple sub-personalities or families within each person’s mental system. These sub-personalities consist of wounded parts and painful emotions such as anger and shame, and parts that try to control and protect the person from the pain of the wounded parts. The sub-personalities are often in conflict with each other and with one’s core Self, a concept that describes the confident, compassionate, whole person that is at the core of every individual.

Time Line Therapy involves treatment at an unconscious level and allows a client to surrender negative emotions linked to past experiences and transform their internal programming. A person’s Time Line represents their mental photo album and their own ability to distinguish between images of the past and perceptions of the future. The internal programming is often the mechanism that is responsible for our outward expressions of emotions.